RESUMO
La residencia en psicología clínica es un proceso que pondrá al límite la capacidad de adaptación de los residentes,especialmente si no gozan de la supervisión y el soporte institucional adecuados. Conscientes de esta situación, estetrabajo pretende normalizar la complejidad que supone formarse como psicólogo clínico en España, poniendo unénfasis especial en los primeros pasos como residente en el Sistema Nacional de Salud y en los desafíos personalesque ello implica. Asimismo, persigue incrementar la sensibilidad sobre la necesidad de medidas que permitan a losresidentes sobrevivir a la psicología clínica. Por ende, se discute el estado del arte sobre el concepto de autocuidadodentro del campo de la psicología clínica y la psicoterapia desde la perspectiva de que especialistas mejor formadospodrán mejorar el Sistema Nacional de Salud y la atención a la salud mental de los más vulnerables.(AU)
The training system in clinical psychology in Spain is a process that will test the adaptability of trainees to thelimit, especially if they do not have adequate supervision and institutional support. Aware of this issue, this paperaims to normalize the complexity of training as a clinical psychologist in Spain, placing special emphasis on thefirst steps as a trainee in the National Health System and on the personal challenges involved. Moreover, it seeksto increase sensitivity and awareness about the importance of establishing measures that enable trainees to surviveclinical psychology. Therefore, the state of the art on the topic of self-care within the field of clinical psychologyand psychotherapy is discussed from the perspective that better trained specialists will improve the National HealthSystem and mental health care for the most vulnerable people.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Psicologia Clínica/educação , Psicoterapia , Autocuidado , Esgotamento Profissional , Internato e Residência , Espanha , Psicologia , Saúde MentalRESUMO
La terapia de aceptación y compromiso (ACT) pone de manifiesto la importancia de la evitación experiencial y la fusión cognitiva en un amplio espectro de problemas psicológicos. El propósito de este estudio es conocer cómo influyen la gravedad del trastorno de pánico y agorafobia (TPA) y la gravedad del trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC) en los niveles de evitación experiencial y fusión cognitiva. Se pretende examinar, además, si existen diferencias entre ambos grupos diagnósticos. La muestra estaba constituida por 67 personas diagnosticadas de TPA y TOC. Se utilizaron los siguientes instrumentos de evaluación: Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ), Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ), Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) y Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Los resultados mostraron que los pacientes con TPA presentan mayores niveles de fusión cognitiva frente a los pacientes con TOC, que elevados niveles de ansiedad se asocian a mayor grado de evitación experiencial y que una mayor gravedad del TOC correlacionaba con elevados niveles de evitación experiencial y fusión cognitiva. Se propone una intervención temprana en pacientes con TOC para prevenir la cronicidad del trastorno y se recalca la importancia de los aspectos de aceptación en el trascurso de la terapia de estos pacientes (AU)
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) highlights the importance of experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion in a wide spectrum of psychological problems. The purpose of this study is to know how the severity of panic disorder and agoraphobia (APT) and the severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) influence levels of experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion. It is also intended to examine whether there are differences between the two diagnostic groups. The sample consisted of 67 people diagnosed with APT and OCD. The following assessment instruments were used: Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ), Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ), Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). The results showed that patients with APT present higher levels of cognitive fusion compared to patients with OCD, that high levels of anxiety are associated with a higher degree of experiential avoidance, and that greater severity of OCD correlated with high levels of experiential avoidance and fusion cognitive. Early intervention in OCD patients is proposed to prevent the chronicity of the disorder and the importance of the acceptance aspects is emphasized in the course of therapy of these patients (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Transtorno Obsessivo-Compulsivo/terapia , Transtorno de Pânico/terapia , Terapia de Aceitação e Compromisso , Cognição , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fatores EtáriosRESUMO
Evidence-Based Psychological Treatments for Adults: A Selective Review. BACKGROUND: Psychological treatments have shown their efficacy, effectiveness, and efficiency in dealing with mental disorders. However, considering the scientific knowledge generated in recent years, in the Spanish context, there are no updating studies about empirically supported psychological treatments. The main goal was to carry out a selective review of the main empirically supported psychological treatments for mental disorders in adults. METHOD: Levels of evidence and degrees of recommendation were collected based on the criteria proposed by the Spanish National Health System (Clinical Practice Guidelines) for different psychological disorders. RESULTS: The results indicate that psychological treatments have empirical support for the approach to a wide range of psychological disorders. These levels of empirical evidence gathered range from low to high depending on the psychological disorder analysed. The review indicates the existence of certain fields of intervention that need further investigation. CONCLUSIONS: Based on this selective review, psychology professionals will be able to have rigorous, up-to-date information that allows them to make informed decisions when implementing empirically based psychotherapeutic procedures based on the characteristics of the people who require help.
Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais , Adulto , Humanos , Transtornos Mentais/terapiaRESUMO
Desde la Teoría Racional Emotiva de Albert Ellis se distingue entres ansiedad primaria y secundaria, habiéndose, en pocos casos, ignorado este hecho en los tratamientos psicológicos (como la exposición, donde se pretende la habituación a la ansiedad primaria). Este artículo pretende analizar la diferencia entre los dos tipos de ansiedad en un paciente, tratado en un dispositivo público de salud mental, con trastorno de pánico y las consecuencias de esta diferenciación en la utilización de técnicas terapéuticas
Albert Ellis´ rational emotive theory differs between primary and secondary anxiety but this differentiation has been ignored in the psychological treatments (for example in the exposition, which try the habituation to the primary anxiety). This paper tries to analyze the difference between both types of anxiety in a patient, attended in a public device on mental health, diagnosed of panic disorder and the consequences that stem from this differentiation in the employment of therapeutics techniques
